However, other denominations exist in pockets, such as Ibadi (primarily in Oman). Most Muslims are of one of two denominations: Sunni Islam (87-90%) and Shia (10-13%). By the percentage of the total population in a region considering themselves Muslim, 91% in the Middle East- North Africa ( MENA), 89% in Central Asia, 40% in Southeast Asia, 31% in South Asia, 30% in Sub-Saharan Africa, 25% in Asia– Oceania, around 6% in Europe, and 1% in the Americas. As of 2015, 1.8 billion or about 24.1% of the world population are Muslims. In 2020, the Economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation which consists of 57 member states had a combined GDP of US$22 trillion or US$ 28 trillion with 5 OIC observer states which is equal to about 22% of the world’s GDP. As of 2016, they contributed 8% of the world's total. Īs of 2013, the combined GDP (nominal) of 49 Muslim majority countries was US$5.7 trillion. The nation states that emerged in the post-colonial era have adopted a variety of political and economic models, and they have been affected by secular and as well as religious trends. In the modern era, most of the Muslim world came under European colonial domination. The Islamic conquests, which culminated in the Arab empire being established across three continents ( Asia, Africa, and Europe), enriched the Muslim world, achieving the economic preconditions for the emergence of this institution owing to the emphasis attached to Islamic teachings. All Muslims look for guidance to the Quran and believe in the prophetic mission of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, but disagreements on other matters have led to the appearance of different religious schools of thought and sects within Islam. The history of the Muslim world spans about 1,400 years and includes a variety of socio-political developments, as well as advances in the arts, science, medicine, philosophy, law, economics and technology, particularly during the Islamic Golden Age. The term Muslim-majority countries is an alternative often used for the latter sense. In a modern geopolitical sense, these terms refer to countries in which Islam is widespread, although there are no agreed criteria for inclusion. This consists of all those who adhere to the religious beliefs and laws of Islam or to societies in which Islam is practiced. The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah.

World Muslim population by percentage ( Pew Research Center, 2014)

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